Refactor for Clean Code

Refactor the following code to be clean, modular, and aligned with TypeScript best practices. ```TypeScript The code to refactor ``` Apply these principles: 1. **Single Responsibility** — Each function should do one thing well 2. **Descriptive naming** — Variables and functions should reveal intent 3. **Eliminate nesting** — Break deeply nested logic into smaller functions or use early returns 4. **Remove duplication** — Extract repeated patterns into reusable utilities 5. **Simplify conditionals** — Replace complex if/else chains with clearer patterns 6. **Add type safety** — Strengthen type definitions where applicable For each change, explain: - What you changed - Why it's better - Any trade-offs introduced Show the complete refactored code, followed by a before/after comparison of key metrics (line count, nesting depth, number of functions).